Tax reforms

Tax Reforms
Why tax reforms?
India after independence decided to tread the socialist path and govt took upon itself the onerous task of wiping the tears of the poor. However in its effort towards delivering services to all and ensuring equitable growth, its expenditure on social sector shot up. It established numerous public sector industries to manufacture goods right from bread to ambassdor. All these resulted in heavy spending. However governments revenues remained weak. One of the main source of government revenues are tax revenues. Tax revenue was alarmingly low because of the regressive tax structure we had. This called for a tax policy reform. Finally the fiscal crisis of 1990 forced us to unlash a series of reforms in our economy popularly known as LPG(Liberalisation, privitisation, globalisation) reforms.
The tax policy pre 1991 suffered from following drawbacks
• It was retrogressive ie it taxed both the poor and rich equally. Majority of government revenue was from indirect taxes. Indirect taxes like excise duty , custom duty don’t differentiate between rich and poor
• It was irrational with tax rates going up as high aas 97.6%(i.e. for every 100 rs earned 97.6 rs goes to govt)!!!
• Irrational policies discouraged people from paying taxes and lead to tax evasion
• The more the rules, the more the loop holes. With so many rules in the income tax act people with help of their chartered accountants could easily exploit the loop holes and thus managed to legally avoid tax
• All this lead to a huge fiscal deficit for government which mad eit imperative on govt to undertake tax policy teforms
What were the tax policy reforms?
The need for tax policy reforms was
• To improve tax to GDP ratio
• To progressively tax people ie tax the rich more and the poor less
• To increase revenue from direct taxes
• To improve the fiscal balance of govt
• To lower tax rates and widen tax base
Keeping these objectives in view MMS formulated a meticulous fiscal policy which worked wonders for our country.
He undertook following steps
• Earlier cotton cloth was subjected to 50 different tax rates depending upon quality of cotton. Such multiplicity of rates resulted ina dministrative complexity. This was borugh down to a uniform single rate called CENVAT
• Earlier our tax dept spend rs 1.2 per rupee to collect Tax!!! By leveraging technology and optimising the administrative structure today the cost of collection is 6 paise per rupee
• The tax slabs were reduces encouraging more peole to pay taxes. As a result the direct taxes have increased and are today almost equal to indirect tax revenues
• The cascading effect of taxes on industry was corrected by implementing the advolarem taxation system through VAT
So what next?
The next step is to simplify our tax laws. The IT act of 1961 has become voluminous and is not in sync with current demands of economy.
Hence the government is undertaking GST and DTC to put in place a simplified, transparent tax system.
A transparent tax system will lead to a situtation where people would start voluntarily filing tax leading to surplus revenue with govt which could be benefeicially invested in social sector schemes. This would help in achieveing our goal of financial inclusion. It would encourgae people to save more leading to higher svaings rate and hence promoting investments. This would lead to a greta thrust to our economy and will jettision us into the league of developed nations.
So the need of the hour is a swift and smooth passing of DTC and GST bill