Nagalim movement

• Scattered in the north-eastern part of India, Nagas were once headhunters, as they used to cut off the heads of the enemies and preserve them as trophies
• But with the advent of Christianity and education, the Nagas-comprising more than 30 tribes have evolved a rich culture and tradition. 
• Since the Naga tribes have been known for their pride and independent identity, the process of politicization led to the urge for creation of separate land for Nagas
• Separatist Movement can be traced back to 1918, with the founding of Naga Club in Kohima by a group of erudite Nagas
• The Club tendered a memorandum before the Simon Commission which demanded for exclusion of Nagas from the proposed constitutional reform in British administration in India.
• nature of protest  took a drastic change with the emerging of Angami Zapu Phizo
• In 1946, the Naga Club was renamed as Nagaland National Council (NNC)
• NNC then asked for a separate sovereign political geography comprising Naga inhabited areas of Nagaland, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Myammar (Burma), thus marking the beginning of political conflict between Nagas and the Government of India.
• On 14th of August 1947, the NNC under Phizo's initiation declared independence of Naga region, thereby resulting in his arrest
• he was released in 1950, and became the president of NNC
• Disappointed with his talks with Nehru, he turned to armed rebellion to sway the Indian government
• Indian Army rallied to quash the rebellion, while Phizo escaped to East Pakistan (Bangladesh) and then to London,
• In 1975, an agreement known as the Shillong Accord was signed between the Indian Government and the NNC.
• Under agreement NNC accepted the supremacy of Constitution of India without condition, and renounced their demand for the secession of Nagaland from India
• some of the NNC hardcore militants were disappointed with the pact, leading to breakage among the armed cadets.
• This led to the formation of the Nationalist Socialist Council of Nagaland or the NSCN on January by Isak Chisi Swu, Thuingaleng Muivah and S S Khaplang.
• In  1988, the group split into two factions- the NSCN (IM), led by Isak Chisi Swu and Thuingaleng Muivah, and the NSCN (Khaplang), led by Khaplang
• The goals remain the same as both the outfits are fighting for the establishment of a 'Greater Nagaland' comprising all Naga-inhabited areas within India and Myanmar.
• Nagalim in theory comprises the Nagaland state, adjoining areas of
•  Assam (Karbi Anglong, North Cachar),
• areas of Arunachal Pradesh (Tirap and Changlang),
•  significant parts of the hill districts of Manipur
• Parts of Myanmar